an experiment done in 2001 showing what happens to the muscles during lengthenin

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an experiment done in 2001 showing what happens to the muscles during lengthening in dogs

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11302316

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here is another one in rabbits

http://www.boneandjoint.org.uk/content/jbjsbr/77-B/4/630.full.pdf

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Reading these research papers reminds me of studying for finals back in college.

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From the study on rabbits:

Quote"All the lengthened muscles except those distracted at 0.4 and 0.7 mm per day showed *significant* abnormalities, with a strong correlation between rate of distraction and histological appearance. In a cross-section of the muscle, the percentage of completely damaged fibres rose in an exponential manner with an increasing rate of distraction. With as little as 3.7% of fibres damaged there were additional morphological changes indicating disorganisation. The main abnormalities compared with the normal muscle were whored fibres and centralisation of nuclei; these indicate abnormalities of the contractile elements of the muscle. Abnormalities of the connective tissue of the muscle included excess thickening of the endomysium and perimy sium at rates of I mm per day and above. At the more rapid rates of distraction (such as 2.7 mm per day). There were gross changes with necrosis and disorganisation of the muscle structure"

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these studies clearly show that 1mm per day distraction is harmful for the muscles (I believe the same applies for femoral lengthening and might also explain why there isnt a single decent case of recovery for femural lengthening).

 0.75mm which is the common distration rate for tibia today seems to be the upper border for safety (although not 100% safe at all). I believe that the original 0.66mm per day was indeed the best way to ensure muscles are free of massive damage and also reducing the risk of pre-consolidation.

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Healthy muscle, top left, vs lengthened muscle.

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Quote from: TIBIKE200 on March 18, 2016, 06:35:20 AMan experiment done in 2001 showing what happens to the muscles during lengthening in dogs

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11302316

Thanks for the post, it is really informative 

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Quote from: Thatdude950 on March 18, 2016, 08:53:01 AMFrom the study on rabbits:

The study also said that this damage did not accure with the 0.4 and 0.7mm distractions.

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Quote from: TIBIKE200 on March 18, 2016, 09:09:47 AMThe study also said that this damage did not accure with the 0.4 and 0.7mm distractions.

Not true. Look at the table. A distraction rate of of 0.4mm damaged 0.5% of muscle fibres, & 0.7mm damaged 1% of them. *Significant* damage begins at 3.7% of ruined muscle fibres, which occurred at 1mm+. But they made it clear that were still some problems even at a 0.7mm

QuoteEven at rates of 0.7 mm per day there was some loss of movement (mean 72%) at the ankle due to stiffness of the muscles.

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Quote from: Thatdude950 on March 18, 2016, 09:18:08 AMNot true. Look at the table. A distraction rate of of 0.4mm damaged 0.5% of muscle fibres, & 0.7mm damaged 1% of them. *Significant* damage begins at 3.7% damage, which was 1mm+. But they made it clear that were still problems at a 0.7mm

This loss of movement (or muscle stifness) is solved with ATL